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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) - Greece (2001)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) z Greece (2001)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2004)Greece (2001)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeGreece
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos)and 1 autonomous region*; Ayion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Drama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina, Irakleion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkyra, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.7% (male 43,810; female 42,708)


15-64 years: 48.4% (male 42,469; female 45,456)


65 years and over: 3.9% (male 3,275; female 3,847) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
14.98% (male 820,219; female 771,466)

15-64 years:
67.3% (male 3,580,535; female 3,569,755)

65 years and over:
17.72% (male 834,234; female 1,047,626) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products
Airports 2 (2003 est.) 81 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
65

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
15

1,524 to 2,437 m:
19

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
16

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
131,940 sq km

land:
130,800 sq km

water:
1,140 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Alabama
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories with Greek-speaking populations. Following the defeat of communist rebels in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted seven years. Democratic elections in 1974 and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy; Greece joined the European Community or EC in 1981 (which became the EU in 1992).
Birth rate 41.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 9.83 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $38.59 million


expenditures: $42.04 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (2003 est.)
revenues:
$45 billion

expenditures:
$47.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Sao Tome Athens
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Coastline 209 km 13,676 km
Constitution approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 11 June 1975; amended March 1986
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
conventional long form:
Hellenic Republic

conventional short form:
Greece

local long form:
Elliniki Dhimokratia

local short form:
Ellas or Ellada

former:
Kingdom of Greece
Currency dobra (STD) drachma (GRD); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Greece (which entered the European Monetary Union on 1 January 2001) at a fixed rate of 340.750 drachmae per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 9.73 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $318 million (2002) $57 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands chief of mission:
Ambassador R. Nicholas BURNS

embassy:
91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens

mailing address:
PSC 108, APO AE 09842-0108

telephone:
[30] (1) 721-2951

FAX:
[30] (1) 645-6282

consulate(s) general:
Thessaloniki
Diplomatic representation in the US Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580 chief of mission:
Ambassador Alexandros PHILON

chancery:
2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-5800

FAX:
[1] (202) 939-5824

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Atlanta, Houston, and New Orleans
Disputes - international none complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over its name
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program $5.4 billion from EU (1997 est.)
Economy - overview This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 29 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004. Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about half of GDP. Tourism is a key industry, providing a large portion of GDP and foreign exchange earnings. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 4% of GDP. The economy has improved steadily over the last few years, as the government has tightened policy in the run-up to Greece's entry into the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2001. In particular, Greece has cut its budget deficit to below 1% of GDP and tightened monetary policy, with the result that inflation fell from 20% in 1990 to 3.1% in 2000. Major challenges remaining include the reduction of unemployment and further restructuring of the economy, including the privatization of some leading state enterprises. Growth, 3.8% in 2000, may fall off to 3%-3.5% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 15.81 million kWh (2001) 43.343 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 1.65 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 1.811 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 17 million kWh (2001) 46.432 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
89.6%

hydro:
9.72%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.68% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mount Olympus 2,917 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion air pollution; water pollution
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Greek 98%, other 2%

note:
the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 9,347.58 (2003), 9,088.32 (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999) drachmae per US dollar - 380.21 (December 2000), 365.40 (2000), 305.65 (1999), 295.53 (1998), 273.06 (1997), 240.71 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Damiao Vaz DE ALMEIDA (since 17 September 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Konstandinos (Kostis) STEPHANOPOULOS (since 10 March 1995)

head of government:
Prime Minister Konstandinos SIMITIS (since 19 January 1996)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 8 February 2000 (next to be held by NA March 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Konstandinos STEPHANOPOULOS reelected president; percent of Parliament vote - 90%
Exports NA (2001) $15.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil manufactured goods, food and beverages, petroleum products
Exports - partners Netherlands 41.7%, Canada 16.7%, Belgium 8.3%, Germany 8.3%, Philippines 8.3% (2003) EU 49% (Germany 15%, Italy 13%, UK 6%), US 6% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
GDP purchasing power parity - $214 million (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $181.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 19.6%


industry: 17.8%


services: 62.6% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
8.3%

industry:
27.3%

services:
64.4% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2003 est.) 3.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 39 00 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
Heliports - 2 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 320 km


paved: 218 km


unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
total:
117,000 km

paved:
107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,594 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
25.3% (1993 est.)
Illicit drugs - a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece
Imports NA (2001) $33.9 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners Portugal 51.6%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.5%, Belgium 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003) EU 66% (Italy 15%, Germany 15%, France 9%, UK 6%) (1999)
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate NA 7% (2000 est.)
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum
Infant mortality rate total: 44.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 46.57 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 42.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9% (2003 est.) 3.1% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 27 (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (1998 est.) 13,140 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council
Labor force NA 4.32 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing


note: shortages of skilled workers
industry 21%, agriculture 20%, services 59% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,210 km

border countries:
Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Land use arable land: 6.25%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 44.79% (2001)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
41%

forests and woodland:
20%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official) Greek 99% (official), English, French
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8
unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
elections last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held by NA April 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PASOK 43.8%, ND 42.7%, KKE 5.5%, Coalition of the Left and Progress 3.2%; seats by party - PASOK 158, ND 125, KKE 11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6
Life expectancy at birth total population: 66.63 years


male: 65.11 years


female: 68.21 years (2004 est.)
total population:
78.59 years

male:
76.03 years

female:
81.32 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
95%

male:
98%

female:
93% (1991 est.)
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea:
6 NM
Merchant marine total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 79,490 GRT/97,077 DWT


by type: bulk 2, cargo 14, chemical tanker 2, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3


foreign-owned: British Virgin Islands 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Portugal 1, Ukraine 2 (2004 est.)
total:
780 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 25,564,988 GRT/44,761,916 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 272, cargo 55, chemical tanker 22, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 51, liquefied gas 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 255, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 20, short-sea passenger 63, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Korea 1, UK 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard, National Guard Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $500,000 (2003) $6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2003) 4.91% (FY99/00 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 38,347 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,673,539 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 20,188 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,040,227 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 21 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
77,976 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Nationality noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
noun:
Greek(s)

adjective:
Greek
Natural hazards NA severe earthquakes
Natural resources fish, hydropower bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble, hydropower potential
Net migration rate -2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Nikolaos KONSTANDOPOULOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Konstandinos SIMITIS]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 181,565 (July 2004 est.) 10,623,835 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% NA (2004 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 3.18% (2004 est.) 0.21% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Santo Antonio, Sao Tome Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkyra, Chalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 5.02 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,548 km

standard gauge:
1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 23 km double track)

narrow gauge:
961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (a rack-type railway for steep grades)
Religions Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service

domestic:
microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands

international:
tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (2003) 5.431 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4,800 (2003) 937,700 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (2002) 36 (plus 1,341 low-power repeaters); also two stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995)
Terrain volcanic, mountainous mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Total fertility rate 5.8 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.33 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA 11.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 80 km

note:
system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also three unconnected rivers
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